abstract：:Patellofemoral pain syndrome is common among athletes and non-athletes. It results from an imbalance of forces acting on the patellofemoral joint, which leads to increased strain on the peripatellar soft tissues, increased patellofemoral joint stress, or both. The most important risk factors are overuse, quadriceps we...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： LaBella C

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children with congenital anomalies often represent a special diagnostic and management challenge. To provide optimal care for these children, one must employ a systematic approach to identify the likely pathogenic mechanism leading to the birth defects present. Determining how distinct anomalies relate to one another ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Falk MJ,Robin NH

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many types of miscellaneous primary headache, but two groups have been selected for discussion: trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) and cephalalgias without autonomic dysfunction(CWAD). TAC are strictly unilateral and CWAD are usually bilateral. Sudden onset and relatively short duration characterize mos...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Wheeler SD

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence for the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy in reducing CHD risk continues to emerge. In primary prevention, clinical trials have demonstrated a benefit for middle-aged, high-risk men with high LDL cholesterol and, more recently, for men and women with "average" LDL and low HDL cholesterol. Although low H...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Green ML

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most patients with diabetes are managed in an outpatient primary care setting. This article reviews common dilemmas in outpatient insulin therapy and presents the evidence regarding the rational use of insulin therapy and combination oral agent-insulin therapy. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： DeWitt DE,Dugdale DC

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and a shift to an abdominal fat distribution with associated increase in health risks. Changes in body composition at menopause may be caused by the decrease in circulating estrogen, and, for fat distribution shifts, the relative increase i...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Lovejoy JC

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infectious disease in primary care practice. This article reviews topics highlighting recent research, including UTIs in pregnancy and pediatric UTIs. The authors also discuss catheter-associated UTIs, given the large number of hospitalized patients undergoing catheterizati...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Bass PF 3rd,Jarvis JA,Mitchell CK

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of emergency and office visits. This article reviews causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The incidence of antibiotic-associated colitis is increasing worldwide as a consequence of widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for various illnesses. The pat...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Jabbar A,Wright RA

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea in the returned traveler is common, but it is generally self-limited. Although the concern is often directed at the presence of an ongoing infection, postinfectious and noninfectious etiologies must be considered [table: see text] also. Answers to the clinical questions posed in this article will guide the cl...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Kolars JC,Fischer PR

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter addresses key components of screening and preventive care for the older population. The older population is heterogeneous, ranging from the competent, active, well individual to the frail, demented individual. Certain preventive measures are important for all individuals such as counseling on exercise and...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Parks SM,Hsieh C

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis may benefit from hydration and a diet low in sodium, omega-6 fatty acids, and transfatty acids, but high in omega-3 fatty acids (i.e., fish, almonds, walnuts, pumpkin, and flax seeds), onions, and fruits and vegetables (at least five servings a day). Physicians may need to be...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Jaber R

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chiropractic is now more than a century old, and it is licensed throughout the United States and Canada and recognized in more than 60 countries worldwide. Doctors of Chiropractic receive training that is focused on the treatment of NMS conditions through manual and physical procedures, such as manipulation, massage, ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Dagenais S,Haldeman S

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnostic criteria for eating disorders are described, including assessment of complications related to semi-starvation, binge eating, and purging. The key components of treatment are presented, including normalization of eating, individual and family therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The role of the pri...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Powers PS,Santana CA

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) is the leading cause of disease worldwide as measured by disability-adjusted life years. New strategies are necessary to decrease the disease burden that is largely borne by infants. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of LRI in infants. Lower respiratory illne...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Glezen WP

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal disease whose management and treatment has changed dramatically over the last 25 years. Treatment of peptic ulcer disease has evolved from dietary modifications and antacids to gastric acid suppression with H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors to eradicat...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Smoot DT,Go MF,Cryer B

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colorectal cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. The incidence of colorectal cancer increases at age 50, approximately. Risk factors that have been identified include a personal history of colorectal cancer or adenomas, a family history of colon cancer or adenomas, inherited colorecta...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Borum ML

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article addresses advance directives and methods to establish the goals of care for remaining life in the decisional and nondecisional patient. Without these discussions, patient autonomy is negated, and the opportunity to provide patient-centered care using shared decision making is lost. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Leland J

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the role of exercise testing in the assessment of patients with suspected coronary disease. To accomplish this, four major topics are considered: the general concept of risk stratification; the estimation of outcomes using data from the initial evaluation of the patient; diagnostic assessment with...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Mark DB

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders such as DeQuervain's tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rotator cuff tendonitis have become increasingly common among working people in the United States. Extensive epidemiological investigation indicates that the adverse ergonomic exposures of force, repetition, vibratio...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Mani L,Gerr F

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More people are employed in the health care sector than in any other industry in the United States. Health care workers are exposed to a wide variety of hazards, including biological, chemical, physical and psychological stressors. Concerns about exposure to contagious diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and tube...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Udasin IG

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is prevalent and often related to an unhealthy diet and hyperlipidemia. The diagnosis of hyperlipidemia should be carefully made, using more than one measurement in the manner described. An assessment of risks allows one to decide whom to treat. Patients with CHD should be treated aggressi...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Yu JN,Cunningham JA,Thouin SR,Gurvich T,Liu D

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of cardiac tests must always be interpreted through the lens of pretest probabilities created by the history and the physical examination. Tests should be chosen with a clear diagnostic and prognostic purpose in mind. A clear understanding of the relationship between the history and physical examination an...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Brewer DE

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psoriasis is a common affliction that family practitioners and other primary care physicians are certain to encounter in their daily practice. This disease presents in many manifestations and in a diffuse patient population. The therapeutic tools available to combat this disease are numerous, as are their untoward eff...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Drew GS

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary care physicians are confronted daily with questions from their patients about alternative medicine. When maternity care patients seek information about such therapies, careful attention must be paid to issues of safety and efficacy for both the mother and her unborn child. This article clarifies the role of al...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Petrie KA,Peck MR

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most important factors that influence development of the eye, kidney, and nerve complications of diabetes are the duration and degree of exposure to hyperglycemia. Hypertension is also very important. The risk of complications appears to be similar for all patients with diabetes; differences in complication rates ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Eastman RC,Garfield SA

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotine maintains tobacco addiction. Nicotine acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors, which demonstrate diversity in subunit structure, function, and distribution in the nervous system, mediating the multiple actions of nicotine described in tobacco users. Nicotine addiction is more prevalent and more severe in peop...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Benowitz NL

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reports of factitious disorders, Munchausen's syndrome, and self-induced illness exist throughout medical history. In practice, disease simulation represents a spectrum of behaviors that range from relatively common and benign (e.g., pleading illness to avoid an unwanted social obligation) to rare and malignant forms ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Wise MG,Ford CV

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pilonidal disease commonly is seen by all primary care practitioners, and guidelines for office management and referral are provided. Less commonly seen entities, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, anal cancer, and Bowen's and Paget's diseases, also may affect this anatomic area. Knowledge that they may be encountered ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Billingham RP

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a clinical syndrome and is caused by many different agents. Acute therapy is epinephrine. Chronic therapy depends on the agent causing the anaphylaxis, but usually consists of avoidance of the agent only. Individuals who suffer from this problem should be issued epinephrine and wear or carry medical ale...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Freeman TM

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary care clinicians treat patients with cancer and cancer pain. It is essential that physicians know how to effectively manage pain including assessment and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. Barriers to adequate assessment of pain must be recognized and overcome. Pharmacologic regimens are b...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Cutson TM

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychoactive drug use by teens is a common occurrence. This article examines the influences that promote and deter experimentation with and hazardous use of psychoactive substances. Clinical guidance is offered on how to assess and intervene with teens and their parents at various developmental phases and levels of in...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Liepman MR,Keller DM,Botelho RJ,Monroe AD,Sloane MA

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anthroposophically Extended Medicine (AEM) is a truly integrative healing system. AEM represents an expansion, not an alternative to conventional medicine. Its unique understanding of the interplay among physiological, soul and spiritual processes in healing and illness serves to bridge allopathy with naturopathy, hom...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Cantor IS,Rosenzweig S

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because patients with HIV are living longer, health maintenance and disease prevention have become important aspects of care. Clinical use of CD4 cell counts and viral load assays to monitor disease progression is reviewed. This article discusses the effect malnutrition has on disease progression and interventions to ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Maddox TG

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article discusses the technique of cervical electrosurgical loop excision, which allows for treatment of premalignant conditions of the cervix. The primary goal of cervical loop excision is to provide a method of managing preneoplastic cervical conditions in a safe, effective manner while minimizing the chance of...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Newkirk GR

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article addresses two primary issues: partner violence and sexual assault. Partner violence refers to the infliction of harm by one intimate partner to the other, with the intention of causing pain or controlling the other's behavior. Sexual assault is sex without consent, obtained by force or threat. Sexual assa...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Burge SK

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sinusitis is common in children and adolescents, most frequently as a complication of a viral upper respiratory tract infection or allergic rhinitis. The diagnosis usually is suggested by symptoms of a viral upper respiratory tract infection persisting beyond 10 days without improvement or severe symptoms with fever a...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Newton DA

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistent or chronic cough is defined as a cough lasting more than 3 weeks. A systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough involves a detailed history. The age of the child, descriptive qualities of the cough, and environmental exposures are particularly important. A thorough physical examinati...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Meyer AA,Aitken PV

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gallstone disease continues to be one of the more common abdominal problems that prompts medical evaluation, particularly in the elderly population. The presentation is diverse, and the treatment options varied. Primary care physicians need to be familiar with the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and therapeutic op...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Giurgiu DI,Roslyn JJ

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The foot is a remarkable structure that provides stable support for the body, lessens impact loading during gait, and allows for forward motion that is energy efficient. Because of the enormous loads concentrated at the joints in the foot and ankle with normal activities, frequent injuries occur and present to the pri...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Nork SE,Coughlin RR

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cost-effectiveness and cost containment are becoming increasingly more important in medicine as health care costs continue to rise and as public attention continues to focus on these costs. This article examines the major issues and terminology of cost-effectiveness and cost containment in the context of primary care....

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Bishof RO,Nash DB

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00